基本信息
| 标准名称： | 弹用涡轮喷气和涡轮风扇发动机参数测量方法 温度 |
| 中标分类： |
航空、航天 >>
航天器及其附件 >>
航天器动力系统 |
| ICS分类： |
航空器和航天器工程 >>
航空航天发动机和推进系统
|
| 发布日期： | 1994-04-27 |
| 实施日期： | 1994-11-01 |
| 首发日期： | |
| 作废日期： | |
| 出版日期： | |
| 页数： | 6页 |
适用范围
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前言
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目录
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引用标准
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所属分类： 航空 航天 航天器及其附件 航天器动力系统 航空器和航天器工程 航空航天发动机和推进系统
【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforInstallationofDirectPushGroundWaterMonitoringWells
【原文标准名称】:直接推动式地下水监测井安装的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD6724-2004(2010)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.21
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:directpush;groundwater;monitoringwell;siteinvestigatio;Directpushsampling;Drivenwellpoint;Environmentalsiteassessment(ESA);Ground-watermonitoring/sampling;Installation--groundwater/subsurfacedevices/applications;Jelledwellpoint;Pr
【摘要】:Thedirectpushgroundmethodisarapidandeconomicalprocedureforinstallinggroundwatermonitoringwellstoobtainrepresentativegroundwatersamplesandlocation-specifichydrogeologicmeasurements.Directpushinstallationsmayofferanadvantageoverconventionalrotarydrilledmonitoringwells(PracticeD5092)forgroundwaterinvestigationsinunconsolidatedformationsbecausetheyreducedisturbancetotheformation,andeliminateorminimizedrillcuttings.Atfacilitieswherecontaminatedsoilsarepresent,thiscanreducehazardexposureforoperators,localpersonnel,andtheenvironment,andcanreduceinvestigativederivedwastes.Additionally,smallerequipmentcanbeusedforinstallation,providingbetteraccesstoconstrictedlocations.Directpushmonitoringwellsgenerallydonotextendtodepthsattainablebydrilling.Theyarealsotypicallysmallerindiameterthandrilledwells,therebyreducingpurgewatervolumes,samplingtime,andinvestigativederivedwastes.PracticeD5092monitoringwellsareusedwhenlargerdiametersand/orsamplevolumesarerequired,oratdepthstowhichitisdifficulttoinstalldirectpushwells.Directpushmonitoringwellsshouldbeviableformonitoringformanyyears.Priortoconstructionandinstallationofadirectpushwelloranyothertypeofgroundwaterwellthereadershouldconsultappropriatelocalandstateagenciesregardingregulatoryrequirementsforwellconstructioninthestate.Aregulatoryvariancemayberequiredforinstallationofdirectpushmonitoringwellsinsomestates.Todate,publishedcomparisonstudiesbetweendrilledmonitoringwellsanddirectpushmonitoringwellshaveshowncomparability(1,2,3,4,5).However,selectionofdirectpushmonitoringwellsoverconventionalrotarydrilledwellsshouldbebasedonseveralcriteria,suchassiteaccessibilityandpenetrability,stratigraphicstructure,depthtogroundwater,andaquifertransmissivity.Typicalpenetrationdepthsforinstallationofgroundwatermonitoringwellswithdirectpushequipmentdependonmanyvariables.Someofthevariablesarethesizeandtypeofthedrivingsystem,diameterofthedriverodsandmonitoringwell,andtheresistanceoftheearthmaterialsbeingpenetrated.Somedirectpushsystemsarecapableofinstallinggroundwatermonitoringwellstodepthsinexcessof100feet,andlargerdirectpushequipment,suchasthevibratorysonictypedrill(GuideD6286)arecapableofreachingmuchgreaterdepths,sometimesinexcessof400ft.However,installationdepthsof10to50feetaremostcommon.Directpushmethodscannotbeusedtoinstallmonitoringwellsinconsolidatedbedrock(forexample,granite,limestone,gneiss),butareintendedforinstallationinunconsolidatedmaterialssuchasclays,silts,sands,andsomegravels.Additionally,depositscontainingsignificantcobblesandboulders(forexample,someglacialdeposits),orstronglycementedmaterials(forexample,caliche)arelikelytohinderorpreventpenetrationtothedesiredmonitoringdepth.Fordirectpushmethodstoprovideaccurategroundwatermonitoringresults,precautionsmustbetakentoensurethatcross-contaminationbyx201C;smearingx201D;orx201C;drag-downx201D;(thatis,drivingshallowcontaminationtodeeperlevels)doesnotoccur,andthathydraulicconnectionsbetweenotherwiseisolatedwaterbearingstrataarenotcreated.Similarprecautionsasthoseappliedduringconventional..........
【中国标准分类号】:P13
【国际标准分类号】:13_060_10
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语